{"id":8025,"date":"2017-10-24T08:01:11","date_gmt":"2017-10-24T08:01:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sunnionline.us\/english\/?p=8025"},"modified":"2017-10-24T08:01:11","modified_gmt":"2017-10-24T08:01:11","slug":"what-is-the-ruling-on-women-performing-the-pilgrimage-without-a-mahram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sunnionline.us\/english\/2017\/10\/24\/8025\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the ruling on women performing the pilgrimage without a mahram?"},"content":{"rendered":"

What is the ruling on women performing the pilgrimage without a mahram?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Answer<\/strong><\/p>\n

The purpose of this ruling should be to guarantee the security and comfort of Muslim women. As long as a woman performs the pilgrimage with a mahram [person to who marriage is not permissible], trustworthy companion, through responsible official supervision, or similar people and she feels safe and secure, then it is permissible for her to perform the pilgrimage [even when a mahram does not accompany her].
\nAccording to a hadith included in the hadith collections of Bukhari and Muslim, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) once said: \u201cIt is unlawful for a woman who believes in God and the Day of Judgment to travel for three or more days without being accompanied by her father, brother, husband, son, or another male companion [a mahram].\u201d In another hadith included in Al-Mishkat, a man told the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): \u201cO Prophet! I have been chosen to perform jihad but my wife has left for pilgrimage.\u201d The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied, \u201cGo and perform pilgrimage with your wife.\u201d
\nScholars disagree on the meaning of these and similar texts. The question is whether or not a mahram must accompany a woman on her pilgrimage. Hanafi scholars argue that a woman must be accompanied by her either her husband or a mahram. Holding a contrary position, the Shafi\u2018is maintain that the presence of a mahram is not necessary; rather, the main condition is a woman\u2019s safety and security. According to those who follow the Shafi\u2018i school of jurisprudence, if a woman\u2019s security is guaranteed by the presence of her husband, mahram or even trustworthy women, then she must be allowed to travel. Some of them [go so far as to] argue that, while she is legally obligated to travel with [at least] one woman, if her safety is guaranteed without the need for any mahram, she may travel provided she remains with the group. The Malikis do not insist on the presence of a mahram provided her safety is guaranteed. In one account, Imam Ahmad [Ibn Hanbal] does make the presence of the husband or mahram an obligatory condition though in another account, he does not.
\nIn Al-Muhalla, Ibn Hazm maintained that it is preferable not to consider the presence of a mahram obligatory for a woman who travels for pilgrimage, the reason being that if neither a husband nor mahram is available, she can still travel for pilgrimage. Those who insist on the presence of either a husband or mahram, do so to reduce the [risk of] sin and the difficulty involved if she travels without them. The pilgrimage of a woman who performs this obligation without being accompanied by either her husband or a mahram, is valid provided its conditions are met. Consequently, she does not have to repeat her pilgrimage with a mahram, even if, according to some scholars, she commits a sin by traveling without her husband or a mahram.
\nThe wisdom underpinning the ruling is concerned primarily with the safety and security of women. It depends on whether or not a woman requires a mahram to achieve her goal [of performing the pilgrimage]. There is no doubt that modern travel has improved considerably, thanks to the shorter periods of absences from one\u2019s homeland, the luxuries and comforts available en route and the [comparative] security of the places where the rites of are performed. There is no doubt that such matters should influence our understanding of the [aforementioned] hadith that limits the freedom of women to travel alone. There is a sound hadith recorded by Bukhari and attributed to \u2018Uday Ibn Hatim, in which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) predicts that \u201cA day will come when a woman will travel from Hira to the Ka\u2018ba, fearing nothing but God alone.\u201d
\nIt is clear that the crux of the matter is to guarantee a woman\u2019s safety and security as much as possible. If these conditions are met through the presence of a mahram, trustworthy company, a responsible official or the like, it becomes obligatory for a Muslim woman to perform pilgrimage. Consequently, she may [and indeed must] travel. The wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went on pilgrimage after \u2018Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him) granted them permission and sent \u2018Uthman Ibn \u2018Affan and \u2018Abd al-Rahman Ibn \u2018Awf (may God be pleased with him) with them. Their pilgrimage was as valid as if they had gone with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) himself.
\nAnd God the Almighty knows best.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is the ruling on women performing the pilgrimage without a mahram?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8026,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c92-the-fatwas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is the ruling on women performing the pilgrimage without a mahram? - SunniOnline<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sunnionline.us\/english\/2017\/10\/24\/8025\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is the ruling on women performing the pilgrimage without a mahram? - SunniOnline\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is the ruling on women performing the pilgrimage without a mahram?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sunnionline.us\/english\/2017\/10\/24\/8025\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SunniOnline\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-10-24T08:01:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sunnionline.us\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/3e0d973b919849c4a70f77b91acb18e7_18.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"562\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Office\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Office\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnionline.us\\\/english\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/24\\\/8025\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnionline.us\\\/english\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/24\\\/8025\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Office\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/sunnionline.us\\\/english\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/acfb97be06cf23dce9cff649a67e6a1a\"},\"headline\":\"What is the ruling on women performing the pilgrimage without a mahram?\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-10-24T08:01:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnionline.us\\\/english\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/24\\\/8025\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":793,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnionline.us\\\/english\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/24\\\/8025\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnionline.us\\\/english\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/3e0d973b919849c4a70f77b91acb18e7_18.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"The Fatwas\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnionline.us\\\/english\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/24\\\/8025\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnionline.us\\\/english\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/24\\\/8025\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sunnionline.us\\\/english\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/24\\\/8025\\\/\",\"name\":\"What is the ruling on women performing the pilgrimage without a mahram? 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